Yunshi's hometown drives the carbonate jade market

“Compared with traditional jade species such as Hetian jade and jade, the price of carbonate jade is relatively low, which is very suitable for carving some large-sized ornaments. It is widely used in auditoriums, museums, villas, private clubs and other spaces. A vast space. Recently, in a large exhibition hall of Yunfu International Stone Expo Center, He Zhangxing, vice president of the Guangdong Provincial Ornamental Stone Association, introduced a large-scale market transaction to the Nanfang Daily reporter with a very professional concept. The "new jade".

In fact, when it comes to family members of carbonate jade, the vast collection of collectors will not be unfamiliar. In recent years, the so-called "luxury" jade interior decoration in the news media has actually used the carbonate jade which is not so expensive. The ancient palace architecture and sculpture are widely used in white marble, and the Ming and Qing dynasty mahogany furniture is inlaid. Widely used marble, a large number of modern urban homes used to make a variety of office and household items, ornaments, Afghan jade, etc., can be incorporated into the category of carbonate jade in a broad sense.

Why can carbonate jade penetrate into the space of mass life so widely and in large quantities? In the past decade, more and more collectors have realized that this has a direct relationship with a city that began mining large quantities of “clouds” hundreds of years ago.

market

Carbonate jade family members

"Yunshi, as its name suggests, is a stone produced in Yunfu, and Duanzhou meteorite, Xinyi jade, Yingdeyingshi and is known as the four famous stone in Guangdong." The origin of the marble, the vice president of the Guangdong Provincial Ornamental Stone Association, Feng Wenqin, president of the Yunfu City Ornamental Stone Association, said in front of the reporter that "the black and white texture of this stone is like a cloud floating in the sky."

At the junction of the Shepherd Village Committee and the Gaofeng Village Committee in the north of Yunfu City, there are two small stone mountains standing on an area of ​​about 860 square meters. These two small stone mountains are the sites of the Yunfu stone material factory that produced the famous marble plates of “401” and “402”. It is also the earliest and largest scale of cloud mining in Yunfu. Looking at these two hills, who can think of it, it used to be a big cloud stone mountain about 300 meters high.

The famous scenic spot “Shuiyue Palace” in the south of Shishiyan, in the central area of ​​Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, can still see a stone monument, which was engraved on the “Shuiyue Palace built in the Jiajing Period of the Ming Dynasty”. According to the research of the literary historian, this stone was carved in the production of Dong'an County. Dong'an County is today's Yunfu City, Guangdong Province. Founded in Guangzhou Guangya Middle School in the Qing Dynasty, the plaque of its predecessor, Guangya College, was also carved from a huge marble. The most important decoration materials used by the Guangdong Hall of the People's University of China are also the marbles from Yunfu.

According to the genealogy of Zhangwu Village and Muyangtang Village, their ancestors began to mine marble in this Dashi Mountain from the Ming Dynasty. Since the official large-scale mining of marble in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Yunfu's stone products have been exported to Hong Kong, Macao, and the United States. However, after nearly 400 years of long mining history, the entire Dashishan's above-ground resources have been consumed to the left of the two hills.

According to geologists, Yunshi and the famous Yunnan marble and Beijing white marble have the same chemical composition: carbonate. Therefore, the higher the degree of jade is also known by the industry as "carbonate jade". It is formed by thousands of years of geological changes in limestone. Its magnificent pictograms, or clouds, or landscapes, or flowers and birds, are 100 times more powerful than Italian marble. Yunfu locals regard Yunshi as an art piece of nature to give humanity.

"The family of carbonate jade is actually very large." He Zhangxing is the main operator of Yunfu International Stone Expo Center. He told reporters that in addition to marble, it also includes white marble, Lingyu jade, Baihe jade, beeswax topaz, There are more than ten kinds of wood jade and Afghan jade. The marble produced by Yunfu also has its own local characteristics. After processing and polishing, the whole plane is usually gray, dark gray, dark green and brown on the white background, forming a unique interest. Chinese landscape painting. According to the analysis of the geological department, the white part is calcite, while the dark pattern contains phlogopite, chlorite, hornblende, biotite, and carbon. “Because the raw stone blocks of carbonate jade are generally large, and the price is relatively close to the people, it is suitable for processing into different specifications of building materials, upholstery, handicrafts and daily necessities. Therefore, in the past ten years, this jade has been The demand in the market is getting bigger and bigger, and it has penetrated into the working life of the civilian population. It has become a jade variety that the public likes and hears."

status quo

Marble origins into a global stone distribution center

According to Feng Wenqin, since the Yunshi culture began to flourish in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although the marble has been exhausted after hundreds of years of exploitation, it has been restricted by the mineral resources management department, but due to its traditional architectural decoration in China. The industry, the mahogany furniture industry and the handicraft processing industry have extensive and in-depth influences, and are still being talked about. Thanks to this cultural context and economic context, Yunfu's stone processing market has stood out in the stone market in the country and the world for more than a decade, and has become one of the most important stone import and export and processing distribution centers in China.

The reporter learned at the scene that the Yunfu stone market is mainly concentrated on the 324 national highways in Yuncheng District, from Yuncheng Yaogu to Zhen'an, all the way stretches for dozens of kilometers, known as the Baili Stone Corridor. However, despite the size of the industry, according to the statistics of relevant departments, more than 95% of the stone products on the local market come from home and abroad, less than 5% from the local area of ​​Yunfu, including marble from Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Greece and Turkey. , and granite from Brazil, India and other countries, as well as rare flower green, snow green, black gold flower, orange peel red, Sapina beige, Iranian pink and other varieties of stone in the country.

“For carbonate jade, Yunfu is the main circulation center in China. There are nearly 4,000 stone enterprises here, including thousands of stone varieties from dozens of countries around the world, including this jade species. This is the main channel for distribution to the downstream market.” An official of the Yunfu New Bureau of Yunfu City admitted to the reporter that the development slogan of Yunfu Market is “buy the world stone and sell the world market” because it can be bought here. There are more than 1,000 enterprises engaged in stone art creation and production in any country and region in the world. There are more than 7 million sets of handicrafts going out from here every year. Because of this, Yunfusu has China. The name of Shidu is also the “Hometown of Chinese Stone Carvings” awarded by the Ministry of Culture.

However, although the influence in the stone industry is increasing day by day, a group of Yunfu local stone culture promoters represented by Feng Wenqin and He Zhangxing still seem to have a heart disease. Feng Wenqin told reporters that despite the joint efforts of the political and business circles, the Yunfu market has been exploring the “transformation and upgrading” from the low-end stone industry to the higher-end stone art. At present, it has also launched a sprint to the 10 billion stone industry cluster in the industry. However, there is always a stereotype of the outside world's view on the Yunfu market. It is still regarded as a wholesale market of stone building materials as in the past, and does not recognize the gathering ability of Yunfu in the high-end jade industry and handicraft industry. It is also constantly improving.

“Although compared with jade and Hetian jade, the market price of carbonate jade is generally low. However, after the art processing, carbonate jade carvings, ornaments and other handicrafts are also several hundred thousand yuan, even over one million yuan. He Zhangxing also told reporters that in these years, the handicrafts made of carbonate jade carvings have won awards in various art fairs and arts and crafts competitions, fully proving this jade species, and also making collection-level handicrafts. Come. In October this year, taking advantage of the 12th China (Yunfu) International Stone Materials Technology Exhibition and the 6th China (Yunfu) Stone Culture Festival, the 2015 Jade Stone Ornamental Stone Exhibition was also held at the Yunbo International Shibo Center. In fact, it is precisely because Yunfu is no longer just a market for selling stone, but also an international platform for the exchange of ornamental stone and handicrafts.

prospect

Applicable to the market for large works, the influence is increasing day by day.

“Carbonate jade is actually a very good raw material for jade carving. No matter in terms of color, hardness, luster, etc., it can make very exciting collections.” In recent years, I have often come to Yunfu to participate in various academic exchange activities. Zhang Huanxue, master of jade carving and master of arts and crafts in Guangdong Province, told reporters that it cannot be regarded as a low-end jade because the price of carbonate jade is relatively low. Any jade material has high, medium and low grades.

According to Zhang Huanxue, it is true that many collectors are more willing to use carbonated jade to make larger-scale ornaments because of the price advantage. This is also the main reason why this jade has become more and more influential in the market in recent years. Because there are more people, its popularity is naturally higher. In fact, just because of such a material, there will be so many magnificent works in the jade carving world. Carbonate jade is not equal to ordinary marble. Due to its unique physical structure, it also has a gloss and texture that other jade species cannot match. Therefore, it also has a collection value.

"In addition, the reason for the relatively low price of carbonate jade is not that the quality of this jade species is relatively poor, but because in recent years, domestic operators have been going abroad to go to some foreign countries such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Looking for new stone species, a large number of foreign raw materials developed have had a positive impact on the domestic jade market.” Zhang Huanxue admits that although many countries have rich jade resources, these countries do not have such a long history of playing stone culture. There is no corresponding processing industry in China. Therefore, their knowledge of the value of these raw stone resources is far from being as mature as China. To put it bluntly, these stones have no market in the country of origin, so they are willing to sell to others at a lower price. Therefore, in the short term, its price is not as good as Hetian jade and jadeite, or even other domestic new jade species such as Huanglongyu, but in the long run, their appreciation potential is even greater. Because any country has a process from the loose to the strict to the protection of resources in the country. Not paying attention to the value of these resources now does not mean that they will think so in the future.

In fact, the reporter found that carbonate jade seems to be larger than the craftsmanship in the use of pure artistic creation. “As an artist who relies entirely on ideas and artisanal eating, I am not willing to touch things that are particularly valuable.” Wang Liangyi, a member of the China-US Association and a young sculptor, admits to the Nanfang Daily reporter, although in artists like Xu Hongfei, etc. Some sculptors have also tried to make sculptures with high-grade raw materials such as jade, but for him, he is more willing to use white marble to create his own works. “Not only because the price is more affordable, but also because his color is relatively pure and the hardness is more suitable for carving. It turns out that a number of sculptures I created with white marble have been widely recognized by collectors because we are doing pure art. Creation, each piece is unique orphan, so the price on the market is not cheaper than an ordinary Hetian jade craft."

In the West, examples of using carbonate jade to make sculptures are more common. The Broken Arm Venus, collected by the Louvre in France, is already a symbol of love and beauty recognized by all human beings. It is carved from carbonate jade.

“Every material has its own unique side, some materials are suitable for this kind of thing, and some materials are suitable for that kind of thing. Just look at the artist himself and how to locate his own work.” Wang Liangyi believes.

tips

Other members of the carbonate jade family

White marble

Pure white, fine and even, the most famous place of production is Beijing Fangshan Zhoukou shop. Sometimes used to imitate white jade. Some people also use the coarse-grained marble to imitate the emerald after dyeing green.

Ling Yu

Limestone produced in Lingbi, Anhui. It was developed and utilized in the Warring States Period. Among them are three famous varieties: red snail, ash snail, and scorpion stone. The first two contain fossils known as stromatolites in geology, that is, the remains of lower plant populations of blue-green algae.

Bai Heyu

Also known as "lily jade". Produced in the ancient stratum of Hefeng, Hubei, 430 million years ago, it is a limestone containing fossils of sea lily stems. Among them, the shape of the biological debris is round, elliptical, long or conical, and the colors are white, red, green, and brown.

Beeswax topaz

Produced in the Hami area of ​​Xinjiang, it is a kind of yellow dolomite. Its color is derived from the iron oxide contained. It has a distinct waxy luster.

Wood jade

Produced on the banks of the Yellow River, it is a woody dolomite. Its texture is rendered from iron. Originally used for desktops, coffee tables, decorative plates, etc., it has been used in small items such as tea sets, wine sets, and fitness balls in recent years.

Afghanistan jade

Afghani jade produced in mines in Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan and other places is a jade variety that has been continuing in history. During the Persian period, there was a national war that broke out in order to compete for the Afghan jade mine. The dignitaries of the Persian Empire used to be rich in jade articles made of Afghan jade.

Related

Is the origin of marble in Yunnan or Yunfu?

Marble is a kind of marble. The industry has no objection to the mineral composition and chemical composition of Marble, but there is much debate about where the origin of Marble is.

Feng Wenqin, president of Yunfu Ornamental Stone Association, insisted that Yunfu, as its name suggests, is the origin of Yunshi, and Yunfu is also famous for producing marble, and the local name “Dong’an County” was changed to “Yunfu County” because of Yunshi. The black and white texture is very similar to the clouds in the sky. Later generations decided to change the name of the place from "Dongan County" to "Yunfu County", meaning a cloud floating in the sky. The relevant state departments officially named Yunfu Yunshi's mineral number as “Yunhua 401”, “Yunhua 402” and “Yunhua 403”, which means the beautiful stone with beautiful clouds.

However, opponents believe that there is no clear historical record in China about the theory that marble is the cloud of cloud production. Before the Tang Dynasty, there were very few records about marble. Although the Ouyang Xiu and Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty had many good poems on Shi Ping, these stone screens were all from Henan meteorites, not true marbles. In the Yuan Dynasty, although there were poems on the "phosphorite screen, thick and light trees", the history of Yunfu marble mining with reporters in Yunfu local literature was after the Ming Dynasty. If Yunshi is named after Yunfu, there will definitely be historical records.

In addition, some neutrals also provided some information. Luo Zhuying, the ancient architectural collector and vice chairman of the China Ornamental Stone Association, pointed out that the mahogany furniture after the Qing Dynasty began to be inlaid, but the inlaid materials were not only marble, but also marble in Yunnan, and even porcelain prints and wood carvings. It is not clear who named the name Yunshi. The antique collectors of mahogany furniture and the Guangdong Collectors Association also pointed out that the true mass mining of Yunfu marble and its circulation to the whole country is after the depletion of high-grade marble resources produced in Yunnan, probably after the Republic of China.

"No matter which place the marble is named, the Yunfu stone market has made the marble famous all over the world and has been selling well until now. This is not controversial," said Zhang Jiannan, secretary general of the Guangdong Ornamental Stone Association.

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