Discussion on the Design of Hospital Guided Marking System Combined with Architectural Space Design
The hospital-oriented identification system design is based on solving the problem of streamline guidance in the use of the internal and external environment of hospital buildings. Considering the facility characteristics, space characteristics and user characteristics of the building, various means of communication of space information, graphics, maps, Fonts, colors, etc. A systematic project that bridges the gap between the building space and the user. A good guiding identification system can help patients understand the layout of the hospital and quickly and autonomously reach their destination. For patients, the guidance marking system is the specification for the hospital space. Although the design and production level of Chinese hospital marking system has been continuously improved in recent years, it is still often after the construction of the hospital including the interior decoration stage is basically completed, and then the construction company commissions the sign production company to separately manufacture and install. Because hospital administrators generally only pay attention to sign modeling and cost and neglect system planning, and lack understanding of building space, most of the design and producers of signage systems do not understand the functionality, integrity, continuity of medical buildings and different hospitals. The particularity has led to problems such as the lack of tight integration, unclear classification, poor location, and unclear vision in the hospitality marking system in most hospital buildings, which has lost its due role. In addition, the guidelines for the barrier-free passage of disabled people in hospitals are also issues that must be considered and resolved in the design of hospital building-oriented identification systems. This paper combines the actual design case to explore the design of hospital-oriented identification system combined with architectural space design. Second, the basic principles of hospital-oriented identification system design Hospital-oriented identification system design involves the various departments of the hospital, various departments, various people flow and logistics trends and spatial relationship between them, but also includes the physiological and psychological needs of patients and Thoughtful consideration of the architectural space environment. In fact, this system should be used as an essential element in the design of medical building space (including indoor and outdoor). From the planning of the district to the whole process of interior design, it must be targeted and designed. (1) When designing the hospital building guidance signing system, the first thing is to reasonably classify the signs according to the spatial level. From the environmental space of the courtyard to the functional space of the building to the space for the diagnosis and treatment of the department, the marks of different levels should be clearly identifiable. In general, according to the spatial level of environment, architecture and function, the guiding system of a large general hospital can usually be divided into four levels (Table 1). Table 1 Levels of Contents at Different Levels Corresponding to Space Specific Contents Level 1 Guided Areas Environmental Grade Buildings and Roads Diversion Guides Outdoor General Plan Service Facilities Parking Lots Marks Level 2 Guided Buildings Space Level Floors Total Indexes Floors Index Halls and Corridor Signs Class streamline, entrance and exit identification medical education bulletin board three-level guidance function classification level each medical function unit four-level guidance room name level specific clinic, room number card administrative logistics unit door medical staff name, location card identification system Follow the interlocking principle, and gradually guide the details to the precise and precise layout principle. In an urban environment, the location of the hospital can be confirmed by the site set by the traffic line and the iconic font symbols on the main roads around it. At the same time, in order to clearly confirm the functional building of the hospital at night, the hospital logo and the name of the building should be illuminated. The key goal of the hospital-oriented identification system design is to give patients who are first-time to the hospital a relatively clear sense of direction in the first place. The first-level planning of the marking system should guide the main buildings with different functions in the hospital area and the roads leading to these buildings. Since the parking lot (library) is already an indispensable supporting facility in contemporary large-scale medical buildings, many patients drive to the hospital, so the location and direction of the parking lot (library) are marked, easy to find and readable. The floor plan is an essential part of the first-level guide. These markers are a good starting point for a good spatial cognition for first-time patients, and they can get the most basic information before entering the built environment. In a specific form, the first-level guide logo usually uses a large-scale outdoor stand, and the emergency center logo usually uses night-time illuminating materials to ensure clear at night. 2 The role of the first-level guiding sign is to guide the patient into the interior of the building. The role of the second, third and fourth-level guiding signs is to gradually guide them to find the specific space in the medical treatment process smoothly, quickly and accurately. The total floor guidance can help patients to understand the function distribution of the internal departments of the building as soon as possible. The guide plates on each floor provide further guidance for patients. The department card, ward card, room number plate, etc. provide accurate position guidance for patients. The style of the hospital's guiding identification system should be compatible with the nature, function and scale of the hospital. At the same time, the form, color, font, material, day and night adaptability of the various types of logos and the overall coordination with the architectural environment and style are also the guiding signs. System design needs to be considered comprehensively. For example, children's hospitals can adopt colorful and sleek designs. Tumor hospitals will adopt a design that encourages patients, and hospice care hospitals adopt a design that makes patients' minds quiet. Third, the design content of the guiding identification system The clear planning and design space The clear hospital environment and building space are the good foundation for the design of the guiding identification system. If the planning and design of the guiding identification system lacks a systematic understanding of the environment and the building, it is inevitable to systematically consider the identification of the corresponding level in the key position, the information content presented in the logo, the size of the logo, the font size and the installation location. As a result, the identification system is unable to play its due role or even react. Specifically, the following points must be taken into account in the planning and design of a clear guiding identification system that combines the existing environment and building space systems of the hospital. Determining the appropriate key information The design of the site-oriented identification system needs to consider the space applicable to the location of the different site markers, and select the key information sites that determine the appropriate location, avoiding incomplete identification, unclear orientation, and avoiding excessive identification. Information redundancy. Each hospital district, floor, and sub-district has its own relative hub. This is an important information location for patients to judge the position. Therefore, it is necessary to set the corresponding level and content identification, such as the general plan of the hospital district, floor plan, etc. The patient makes the first judgment of the spatial position. Generally speaking, the location of people's distribution centers, transportation hubs, import and export, stairwells and passages is complicated because of the complicated traffic. It is not enough to have a floor plan (first-level guidance) as a guide. Therefore, it is necessary to set clearer information and clearer guidance. The identification (secondary orientation) is supplemented to make it easier for the patient to confirm their position and target orientation to achieve visual continuity of the guidance marking system. In general, simple and complex circular flow lines coexist in the hospital's environment and building space, and the interconnection between them increases the number of information decision points. The planning and design of the guidance identification system is to find and understand these key information points and set the appropriate level of identification at these points. Information configuration diagram based on human flow line analysis In order to realize the blind spot area of ​​the guiding identification system, the design firstly divides the floor plane into different natures (not exactly equivalent to the functional partition of the building), and determines the different functional areas that the marking system needs to guide. And the location of the traffic body, reasonable functional partitioning can avoid the duplication of the classification of the identification system; then, based on the partition, different spatial blocks are connected by different streamlines, and the route analysis diagram is drawn, and then based on the route analysis diagram The analysis of the previous stage marks the key information points of different levels and types; finally, the architectural space in which these information points are located and the location and production form that the identification may be set to determine the specific type of the identification, respectively, in different colors The block pattern is marked to complete a setup information configuration diagram of the complete guiding identification system. Considering a well-designed and well-designed information map can ensure the continuity and integrity of the guidance information, so that the entire area-oriented identification system has no blind spots. Grading to determine the specific type and design of the logo. From the technical level, the identification content includes the building's prime guidance, the floor general reference, the floor reference, the functional department name and direction identification, the room function identification and the personnel name identification, etc. The specific types can be divided into stand-up type, table type, hanging type, frontal type, wall-mounted type, wall-mounted type and so on. After determining the various types of marking sites according to the information structure map of the guiding identification system, the specific identification type design should be carried out in combination with the medical space and the building space of the marking site, and the installation location, form and information identification mode of the identification are comprehensively considered. For example, the first position judgment of the patient entering the hospital area should be the choice of buildings with different medical functions and their entrances and exits. If there is a problem of selecting the parking position of the vehicle before the ride, these are first-class hospitals. The area's total prime sign and outdoor signage are located in an outdoor environment with a large spatial scale. Generally, a large-scale stand-up sign is installed, which is installed in the place where the patient visits, and there should be illumination or self at night. Luminous system; the patient's second position judgment often occurs in the foyer of the building, and usually for the purpose of seeking medical consultation, registration or target department. Because the hall space is high and the area is large, the second-level guidance is generally scaled. Large table-level floor total, indexing or front-loading functional department identification; after the patient arrives at the floor and the specific functional department, due to the limited spatial dimensions of the aisle, department waiting area, etc., as a three-level, four-level guidance The floor unit of the logo, the name and direction of the functional department, the function of the room, and the name of the person are mostly used. 3 Information Standardization Design of Identity Ontology If the layout design of the hospital building itself is the basis for the success of the guidance identification system, then the standardization design of the scale, text font and size, material, color matching, etc. of the identification ontology is another important factor. In addition to the identification color and material that are compatible with the environment and architectural interior design, the information standardization design of the identification body should mainly pay attention to the following problems: the font elements in the spatial relationship between the identification specification and the installation location are more important than other factors, and Visual cognition distance is inseparable. A well-known Japanese label manufacturer provides a visual cognition distance formula to aid in the design of the marking system: text height H (mm) = distance L (mm) / 20.4 This formula is obtained through a large number of tests, aimed at the Orientals Square word. According to this formula, the optimal text size and specifications can be determined by identifying data such as the set field space scale. In the design practice, the human body's line of sight height is generally set to 1.5m. In the human visual field, the field of view, the static field of view, the range of the field of view is the largest, the field of view is the smallest, and the effective field of view of the static field is the view. The center line is the axis, 30° above, 40° below, and 15°20° on the left and right, with the best field of view within 3° of the center. Generally, the optimum line of sight 1 should be selected within a distance of 380 mm to 760 mm depending on the size and shape of the observed object. Comprehensive ergonomics and the method of determining the height of the text, the author in the design of the identification system of Fuling Central Hospital, roughly determined a set of identification information size and installation location standards. The identification system has public and systematic characteristics in its application. The selected text should be even and clear. Chinese fonts are most commonly used in boldfaces, because the blackface fonts have the characteristics of correctness and moderation, and have strong visual impact; Followed by the Song dynasty, the structure is clear and powerful, the strokes of the strokes are ups and downs, but because of the uneven horizontal and vertical, it is easy to give people a visually unclear look and feel. In the design of the guiding identification system, the headline can represent the standard word of the hospital image, and both Chinese and English are printed fonts. The control of the text size of the logo can be divided into two types of specifications for the floor type and the hanging type. The control points include: the former is more than 0.8m from the installation height, the human body is 1.5m high, and the effective recognition distance is greater than 6m. The installation height is 2.1m from the ground, the human visual height is 1.5m, the effective recognition distance is greater than 6m, and the verification distance 624m is the standard 2. In the guiding identification system, in addition to the text-based logo, there are also some simple and concise pattern symbols, that is, the symbol of the information is conveyed through a unified pattern symbol, and can be generally classified into public services according to the applicable scope of the icon. Information, public service facilities, medical service facilities, and public welfare information. In the design of the guiding identification system, in addition to adopting some internationally accepted pattern symbols, the self-designed icons should carefully consider the versatility, conciseness, comprehensibility and standardization of the pattern symbols, otherwise it will not only play a guiding role. Inversely, the viewer understands the difficulties and leads to confusion. Fourth, the humanized design of the guiding identification system People-oriented, patient-centered is the core purpose of contemporary medical architectural design. As an important and indispensable element of the medical environment, the design of the hospital-oriented marking system should also adhere to the concept of humanity. Medical buildings, especially large general hospitals, have always been known for their large scale and complex space. China has a large population and people's medical treatment is still biased (superstitious hospitals), so large hospitals are always human. In a strange, noisy, crowded hospital environment, the clarity and accuracy of the guidance system can affect the patient's mentality. Therefore, providing guidance information to patients clearly and accurately is the foundation of the humanized design of the hospital-oriented identification system, and is an important means of appease and relieve the patient's medical anxiety. In addition to simply identifying and guiding some of the necessary information on the patient's medical procedure, the ingenious logo-guide system can also be used to communicate the hospital's business philosophy, academic standards and spatial characteristics to different types of logos. Information and highlights the architectural space that you want to convey to people. For example, Umeda Hospital, designed by Japanese architects, is a women's and children's hospital. Its clients not only have patients, but also have maternity who come to rest. The interior of the building is dominated by white, with simple decoration and warm lighting, giving the patient a sense of psychological comfort and trust. The logo is unexpectedly made of white cotton. White is generally considered to be a dirty color. Fabric is the material of most medical dressings. It needs to be cleaned in time. It can be used as a logo even if it can be removed and cleaned. However, Umeda Hospital has gone against the other way, using white cotton cloth material, not only very cleverly combines the design of the signage system with the functional features of the building space, but also conveys the information that Umeda Hospital will often clean and dirty. Make the logo an interactive carrier between doctors and patients. Due to the need for coordination and sufficient technical requirements, the hospital's architectural design is difficult to handle the actual psychological feelings of different patients in the hospital space. The hospital-oriented identification system, as a communication medium between hospital space and function and patients, is reasonable and has a population-specific (or disease-specific) design that can enhance the patient's trust in space and improve the patient's psychological experience. Taking Shenyang Children's Hospital as an example, the architecture and interior design adopt a moderate style, ignoring the children's incompatibility to unfamiliar environments and the irritability of illness. However, the design of the hospital-oriented identification system makes up for this deficiency. The lively and beautiful logo design style dilutes the children's fear of the hospital; the different floors use different colors, and the small patients produce fresh when they are in different atmospheres. Feeling, help to ease the discomfort of medical treatment. At the same time, the logo is mostly made of a circle, the overall style is easy and fresh, and it can also prevent children from harming their bodies when they bump. In addition, considering the group of patients who may have visual impairment, physical impairment and textual cognitive impairment, in addition to the text, the digital identification, the voice identification of the directional control is also an important means to strengthen the role of the guiding identification system under the contemporary technical conditions, such as the recognition of the text. As long as the group knows the number, they can obtain spatial continuity and sense of direction through the corresponding signs. Patients with visual impairment can hear the sound prompt directly near the sign after receiving the special earphones at the guiding medical station (similar to the museum system). Self-help machine in the middle). V. Conclusion The hospital-oriented identification system serves as a carrier for guiding patients to seek medical treatment and to convey the image of the hospital. It involves many disciplines such as architecture, landscape science, environmental science, ergonomics, environmental behavior and environmental psychology. The continuous improvement of hospital construction level has driven the development of the hospital-oriented identification system design industry. Under this circumstance, how to promote the innovation and development of hospital-oriented identification system design, keep pace with new demands, and become a reflection of many insiders. The problem. On the basis of comprehensive thinking about the indoor and outdoor functions and space design of medical buildings, the author fully considers the auxiliary function of the guiding sign system to the hospital function, and introduces its basic design requirements and methods one by one, hoping to continuously improve the combined design in the design practice. 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